體育
Physical Education

Which change most directly applies progressive overload to aerobic training?

1. Keeping distance and pace unchanged for eight weeks
2. Gradually increasing weekly duration while monitoring recovery
3. Changing shoe colour
4. Stretching only after every session

During a stable submaximal run, cardiac output equals:

1. heart rate × stroke volume
2. stroke volume ÷ heart rate
3. tidal volume × breathing frequency
4. systolic − diastolic pressure

State the difference between intrinsic and extrinsic feedback and give one sport example of each.

Calculate Athlete K's cardiac output at rest and immediately after the step test. State the percentage increase.

Compare recovery of K and L and explain two physiological adaptations that could account for the difference after endurance training.

Give three limitations of concluding from this one test that K has better overall fitness.

A 0.45 kg ball changes velocity from 12 m s⁻¹ east to 18 m s⁻¹ west in 0.060 s. Calculate the average force on the ball, including direction.

Explain how increasing follow-through time changes average force for the same momentum change, and why a player may nevertheless seek a large impulse when striking.

Design a four-week return-to-running microcycle for an athlete after medical clearance from a minor ankle injury. Apply FITT, progression, specificity and recovery. Give two stop/review criteria and two outcome measures.